When an emergency occurs at sea, few things are more important than being seen and located quickly. Marine flares are one of the most effective tools for signalling distress and alerting rescuers to your position. Understanding which flare to use and how to operate it correctly can make the difference between timely rescue and serious danger.
There are several types of marine flare available, each designed for specific uses and conditions. This article outlines the main types of flare, explains how they work, and provides guidance on how and when to use them at sea.
Red Handheld Flares
Purpose: Short-range distress signalling
Best used: When other vessels or rescue teams are nearby
Red handheld flares emit a bright, intense red light and are simple to activate. They are effective in low light and night conditions and typically burn for around one minute. These flares are ideal for attracting attention once help is within sight.
How to use:
- Hold the flare at arm’s length, angled downwind
- Point it away from your body and face
- Follow the instructions on the casing to ignite
- Use gloves for added protection if possible
As these flares can emit hot debris, handle them with care and avoid using them in enclosed areas.
Red Parachute (Rocket) Flares
Purpose: Long-range alerting
Best used: Offshore or remote locations where help may be far away
Parachute flares launch high into the air and burst into a red light that can be seen up to 25 miles away in clear conditions. These are especially valuable when there are no nearby vessels, such as when you are offshore or on long coastal passages.
How to use:
- Hold the launcher upright and clear of obstructions
- Fire from a stable position
- Watch the trajectory and ensure it is directed safely away from people and equipment
Use only when there is a chance of being seen, as visibility can be reduced in heavy fog or poor weather.
Orange Smoke Flares
Purpose: Daytime location marking
Best used: When aircraft or vessels are actively searching for your position
Orange smoke flares are effective only during daylight hours but produce a large, highly visible smoke cloud. This makes them ideal for attracting attention from helicopters or aircraft and for marking your location in the water.
Types of smoke flares:
- Handheld: For use on deck or in liferafts
- Floating canisters: Thrown into the sea to mark position
How to use:
- Activate as instructed on the label
- Ensure smoke is released downwind
- Avoid inhaling the smoke
For best results, combine with red flares to provide both visual signals and clear location markers.
White Collision Warning Flares
Purpose: Non-distress visual warning
Best used: To avoid collisions or indicate presence in low visibility
White flares are used to alert nearby vessels of your presence, especially in fog or darkness. They are not considered distress signals and are instead used as a short-term safety alert.
How to use:
- Point in the direction of the approaching vessel
- Use sparingly to avoid confusion
These flares can also be used to illuminate the surrounding area if needed, but should not be mistaken for emergency signals.
Electronic Flares and LED Beacons
Purpose: Long-lasting visual signal
Best used: As a supplement to traditional flares, especially in life rafts or grab bags
Electronic distress beacons are battery-powered devices that flash brightly and consistently. They are safe, reusable, and do not create fire or smoke. Although not currently a legal replacement for pyrotechnic flares in UK waters, they are a useful addition to any emergency kit.
Benefits:
- Long operation time, often 20 to 60 hours
- Safe to store and handle
- Waterproof and shock resistant
Some models are integrated with AIS or PLB technology, improving the chances of being located by rescue services.
Best Practice for Flare Use
To make the most of your flare equipment, always follow these basic safety and maintenance tips:
- Read the instructions before an emergency arises
- Store flares in a dry, waterproof container, clearly marked and accessible
- Check expiry dates regularly and replace expired stock
- Dispose of expired flares legally, using approved collection points or maritime authorities
- Train your crew on flare use and rehearse emergency procedures when possible
Legal Requirements in the UK
The UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) outlines mandatory safety equipment for seagoing vessels. Carrying a suitable number and type of approved flares is a requirement for many types of craft, particularly those operating offshore or at night. The exact requirements depend on the size of the vessel and its operational range.
Always refer to MCA guidelines or the Royal Yachting Association (RYA) for current regulations.
Conclusion
Marine flares remain a vital part of safety equipment at sea. Whether sailing short coastal trips or undertaking long offshore passages, knowing which flare to carry and how to use it effectively can make all the difference in an emergency.
Each flare has a specific role. Red handheld flares work best at close range. Parachute flares signal over long distances. Orange smoke flares help rescuers locate you in daylight. White flares help avoid collisions, and electronic flares offer safe, long-term visibility.
Carrying a combination of flares and using them correctly improves your chances of attracting attention and getting rescued quickly. Regular checks, proper storage and crew training ensure your equipment is ready when it matters most.
